Did you know that Cairo is home to more than 600 registered historic monuments spanning over 1,000 years of history? As the largest city in the Arab world with over 20 million residents, Cairo offers an extraordinary blend of ancient wonders and vibrant modern culture. From the iconic Pyramids of Giza to the maze-like Khan El-Khalili bazaar, this city is a living museum where 5,000 years of civilization unfolds before your eyes. Whether you’re a history enthusiast, a food lover, or an adventure seeker, Cairo’s treasures will captivate your imagination and leave you with unforgettable memories.
Planning Your Journey to Cairo
Before diving into the best things to do in Cairo, it’s essential to plan your journey carefully. Egypt’s capital is a sprawling metropolis that rewards thoughtful preparation. Most international travelers arrive via Cairo International Airport, which serves as the main gateway to Egypt. Daily flights connect Cairo to major cities worldwide, with direct routes from London, Paris, New York, and Dubai.
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When to Visit Cairo
The best time to visit Cairo is during the cooler months from October to April when temperatures are pleasant for sightseeing. Winter (December-February) offers the most comfortable daytime temperatures, typically ranging from 65-75°F (18-24°C). Summer months (June-August) can be extremely hot, with temperatures regularly exceeding 95°F (35°C), making outdoor exploration challenging.
| Season | Months | Temperature | Crowds | Notes |
| Winter | December-February | 65-75°F (18-24°C) | High | Peak tourist season, ideal weather |
| Spring | March-May | 70-90°F (21-32°C) | Moderate | Good balance of weather and crowds |
| Summer | June-August | 85-105°F (29-40°C) | Low | Very hot, early morning visits recommended |
| Fall | September-November | 75-90°F (24-32°C) | Moderate | Increasingly pleasant temperatures |
Visa Requirements
Most visitors to Egypt require a tourist visa, which can be purchased upon arrival at Cairo International Airport for $25 USD or obtained in advance through the Egyptian embassy in your home country. E-visas are also available through the official Egyptian government portal. Ensure your passport is valid for at least six months beyond your planned departure date.
Pro Tip: While visa-on-arrival is convenient, pre-arranging your visa can save time after a long flight. The e-visa application process typically takes 5-7 business days.
Getting Around Cairo
Navigating Cairo’s bustling streets can be an adventure in itself. The city’s traffic is legendary, so planning your transportation strategy is crucial for making the most of your time.
Transportation Options
Uber and Careem
Ride-hailing apps like Uber and Careem are widely available in Cairo and offer a convenient, hassle-free way to get around. They eliminate the need for negotiating fares and provide air-conditioned comfort. Simply download the app before your trip and ensure you have internet access.
Metro
Cairo’s metro system is clean, efficient, and incredibly affordable (tickets cost around 5-10 Egyptian pounds). It’s an excellent option for avoiding traffic jams, especially during rush hours. The metro has designated women-only cars for female travelers who prefer them.
Taxis
White taxis are abundant in Cairo. Always insist on using the meter or negotiate the fare before starting your journey. Expect to pay more during peak hours and for longer distances.
Walking
Some neighborhoods like Zamalek and parts of downtown are pleasant for walking. However, Cairo’s size makes it impractical to walk between major attractions. Always use pedestrian crossings when available, as traffic can be unpredictable.
Explore Cairo at Your Own Pace
Rent a car with a driver for the ultimate flexibility during your stay.
Safety Note: Cairo’s traffic can be chaotic by Western standards. If you’re not accustomed to driving in such conditions, hiring a car with a driver or using ride-hailing apps is highly recommended over self-driving.
Where to Stay in Cairo
Choosing the right neighborhood for your stay in Cairo can significantly enhance your experience. The city offers accommodations for every budget, from luxury hotels with pyramid views to charming boutique properties in historic districts.
Best Areas to Stay
Giza
Stay near the Pyramids for breathtaking views and early access to Egypt’s most famous attraction. Giza offers numerous hotels with pyramid views, though it’s farther from downtown attractions.
Perfect for: First-time visitors and those prioritizing the Pyramids experience.
Downtown/Tahrir Square
Central location with easy access to the Egyptian Museum, Nile River, and various restaurants. The area buzzes with energy and offers a true taste of Cairo’s urban life.
Perfect for: Culture enthusiasts and those who want to be in the heart of the action.
Zamalek
This upscale island neighborhood offers a more relaxed atmosphere with tree-lined streets, boutique shops, and excellent dining options. It’s a peaceful retreat from Cairo’s intensity.
Perfect for: Luxury travelers and those seeking a quieter experience.
Find Your Perfect Cairo Accommodation
From pyramid-view hotels to boutique guesthouses in historic neighborhoods.
Top Attractions: Best Things to Do in Cairo
1. Pyramids of Giza and the Great Sphinx
No visit to Cairo would be complete without experiencing the only surviving wonder of the ancient world. The Pyramids of Giza have stood guard over the city for over 4,500 years, a testament to the extraordinary achievement of ancient Egyptian civilization. The complex includes three main pyramids—Khufu (the Great Pyramid), Khafre, and Menkaure—along with the enigmatic Great Sphinx.
“Standing before the Great Pyramid, with its massive stone blocks rising 481 feet into the sky, you can’t help but feel humbled by what human hands accomplished thousands of years ago.”
Visitor Tips:
- Arrive early (before 8 AM) to beat the crowds and heat
- The entrance fee is 240 EGP (approximately $15 USD)
- Additional tickets are required to enter the pyramids’ interiors
- Wear comfortable shoes and bring plenty of water
- Consider hiring a guide for historical context
Don’t Miss:
- The panoramic view from the plateau
- The Sound and Light Show in the evening
- The Solar Boat Museum
- The nine pyramids lounge for refreshments with a view
- Camel or horse rides around the complex (negotiate prices first!)
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2. The Grand Egyptian Museum
The newly opened Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM) near the Giza Plateau is the largest archaeological museum in the world dedicated to a single civilization. This state-of-the-art facility houses over 100,000 artifacts, including the complete Tutankhamun collection displayed together for the first time since its discovery.
The museum’s architecture is impressive in its own right, with the main building offering panoramic views of the pyramids. The grand staircase features a chronological journey through ancient Egyptian history, displaying 87 massive statues and artifacts.
Museum Highlights: Don’t miss King Tutankhamun’s treasures, including his famous golden mask, the colossal statue of Ramses II, and the ancient Egyptian boats that were buried alongside the pyramids.
3. Khan El-Khalili Bazaar
Step back in time at Khan El-Khalili, Cairo’s most famous souk (marketplace) dating back to the 14th century. This labyrinthine bazaar in the heart of Islamic Cairo is a sensory feast where you can shop for everything from spices and perfumes to handcrafted jewelry, textiles, and souvenirs.
Beyond shopping, Khan El-Khalili offers a glimpse into traditional Egyptian commerce and social life. The narrow alleyways are lined with cafés where locals gather to smoke shisha (water pipes) and sip mint tea. The historic El-Fishawi Café, operating continuously for over 200 years, is particularly famous and has hosted numerous Egyptian writers and artists.
Shopping Tips:
- Haggling is expected and part of the experience
- Start by offering 40-50% of the initial asking price
- Be friendly but firm in negotiations
- Bring cash (Egyptian pounds) as most vendors don’t accept cards
- Visit Jordi’s shop for fixed-price souvenirs if haggling isn’t your thing
Must-Try Experiences:
- Sample Egyptian street food like koshari or ta’ameya
- Enjoy mint tea at El-Fishawi Café
- Watch artisans practicing traditional crafts
- Visit the spice market for colorful photo opportunities
- Explore the gold market (Khan El-Dahab) for fine jewelry
Discover the Secrets of Khan El-Khalili
Navigate the historic bazaar with a knowledgeable local guide.
4. The Egyptian Museum
While the Grand Egyptian Museum is now open, the historic Egyptian Museum in Tahrir Square remains an important cultural institution. Founded in 1902, this rose-colored building houses thousands of artifacts spanning 5,000 years of Egyptian history.
Although many treasures have been moved to the GEM, the Egyptian Museum still contains an impressive collection, including royal mummies, ancient jewelry, everyday objects, and monumental statues. The museum’s old-world charm, with its somewhat cluttered displays and vintage cabinets, offers a different experience from the modern presentation at the GEM.
The Egyptian Museum is open daily from 9 AM to 5 PM, with extended hours on some days. Admission costs 200 EGP (approximately $13 USD), with additional fees for the Royal Mummies Hall.
5. Islamic Cairo and the Citadel of Saladin
Islamic Cairo, a UNESCO World Heritage site, encompasses a treasure trove of medieval Islamic architecture spanning over 1,000 years. At its heart stands the imposing Citadel of Saladin, a medieval fortification built in the 12th century that offers panoramic views of the city.
The citadel’s crown jewel is the alabaster Muhammad Ali Mosque, with its distinctive Ottoman-style architecture featuring soaring minarets and cascading domes. Step inside to admire the ornate interior with its hanging mosque lamps and intricate decorations.
Other Notable Mosques:
- Sultan Hassan Mosque – a masterpiece of Mamluk architecture
- Ibn Tulun Mosque – one of the oldest and largest mosques in Egypt
- Al-Azhar Mosque – a center of Islamic learning for over 1,000 years
- Al-Rifa’i Mosque – the royal mausoleum across from Sultan Hassan
Visitor Information:
- Modest dress is required (shoulders and knees covered)
- Women should bring a scarf to cover their hair in mosques
- Remove shoes before entering prayer halls
- Avoid visiting during prayer times
- Photography is generally permitted
Explore Islamic Cairo’s Architectural Wonders
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6. Coptic Cairo
Tucked away in Old Cairo lies the historic district of Coptic Cairo, a testament to Egypt’s Christian heritage. This walled area contains several churches, a synagogue, and the Coptic Museum, all built atop the remains of the Roman fortress of Babylon.
The Hanging Church (Al-Mu’allaqah), built over a Roman gatehouse, is the district’s most famous landmark. Dating back to the 7th century, it features beautiful wooden ceilings, marble pillars, and 13th-century icons. Nearby, the Church of St. Sergius and Bacchus is believed to have sheltered the Holy Family during their flight to Egypt.
Did You Know? Coptic Cairo is home to the Ben Ezra Synagogue, which according to local tradition stands on the site where baby Moses was found in the reeds.
7. Nile River Cruise
Experience Cairo from a different perspective by cruising the legendary Nile River. Evening dinner cruises are particularly popular, offering a magical view of the city’s illuminated skyline while you enjoy traditional Egyptian cuisine and entertainment.
Most dinner cruises include a buffet meal and live performances featuring belly dancers, whirling dervishes, and traditional music. For a more authentic and peaceful experience, consider a daytime felucca ride on a traditional wooden sailboat.
Cruise the Legendary Nile
Enjoy dinner, entertainment, and Cairo’s sparkling skyline from the water.
8. Al-Azhar Park
For a refreshing break from Cairo’s urban intensity, visit Al-Azhar Park, a green oasis in the heart of the historic district. Created from what was once a 500-year-old debris dump, this 74-acre park offers lush gardens, fountains, walking paths, and stunning views of Islamic Cairo’s minarets.
The park’s design draws inspiration from traditional Islamic gardens, featuring geometric patterns, water features, and fragrant plants. Several cafés and restaurants offer places to relax and enjoy the scenery, with the upscale Studio Masr restaurant providing panoramic views of the Citadel.
Al-Azhar Park is open daily from 9 AM to 10 PM. Entrance fees are modest (around 20 EGP or $1.30 USD), making it an affordable retreat for both locals and visitors.
Day Trips from Cairo
1. Saqqara, Dahshur, and Memphis
Just 30 kilometers south of Cairo lies Saqqara, home to the world’s oldest stone pyramid—the Step Pyramid of Djoser. This archaeological site offers a fascinating glimpse into the evolution of pyramid building, with fewer crowds than Giza. Nearby Dahshur features the Bent Pyramid and Red Pyramid, while Memphis, Egypt’s ancient capital, contains impressive statues including a massive fallen colossus of Ramses II.
Discover Egypt’s Pyramid Evolution
Visit Saqqara, Dahshur, and Memphis on a guided day trip from Cairo.
2. Alexandria
Founded by Alexander the Great in 331 BCE, Alexandria offers a Mediterranean atmosphere distinct from Cairo. Just 2-3 hours away by car or train, this coastal city features attractions like the modern Bibliotheca Alexandrina, built to honor the ancient Library of Alexandria; the 15th-century Qaitbay Citadel; and the atmospheric Catacombs of Kom El Shoqafa.
3. Wadi Al-Hitan (Whale Valley)
For something truly unique, visit Wadi Al-Hitan, a UNESCO World Heritage site about 3 hours from Cairo. This “Valley of the Whales” contains hundreds of fossilized whale skeletons dating back 40 million years, providing evidence of whales’ evolution from land mammals to marine creatures. The site includes a well-designed walking trail and museum.
Experiencing Egyptian Cuisine
No visit to Cairo is complete without sampling authentic Egyptian cuisine. The local food scene offers a delicious blend of Mediterranean, Middle Eastern, and North African flavors at prices that are often surprisingly affordable.
Must-Try Egyptian Dishes
Koshari
Egypt’s national dish combines rice, macaroni, lentils, and chickpeas topped with spiced tomato sauce, crispy onions, and garlic vinegar. This hearty vegetarian dish is available everywhere from street carts to upscale restaurants.
Where to try it: Abou Tarek in Downtown Cairo, famous for serving nothing but koshari since 1950.
Ta’ameya (Egyptian Falafel)
Unlike other Middle Eastern versions, Egyptian falafel is made with fava beans instead of chickpeas, giving it a distinctive green interior and unique flavor. It’s typically served in pita bread with tahini sauce and vegetables.
Where to try it: Felfela Restaurant in Downtown offers excellent ta’ameya in both sit-down and takeaway formats.
Ful Medames
This breakfast staple consists of slow-cooked fava beans seasoned with olive oil, lemon juice, garlic, and cumin. It’s typically eaten with Egyptian baladi bread and is incredibly filling.
Where to try it: Local ahwas (coffeehouses) often serve the most authentic versions for breakfast.
Discover Cairo’s Culinary Secrets
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Dining Experiences
Traditional Experiences
- Naguib Mahfouz Café in Khan El-Khalili for authentic atmosphere
- El Fishawi, Cairo’s oldest café, for people-watching and mint tea
- Street food vendors for budget-friendly local flavors
- Local kushari shops for Egypt’s famous comfort food
Upscale Options
- Sequoia in Zamalek for Nile views and contemporary Egyptian cuisine
- Abou El Sid for traditional dishes in an elegant setting
- Zitouni at the Four Seasons for refined Egyptian cooking
- 9 Pyramids Lounge for dining with a view of the Giza complex
Practical Tips for Visiting Cairo
Safety and Cultural Etiquette
Cairo is generally safe for tourists, but as in any major city, it’s important to stay aware of your surroundings. Petty theft can occur in crowded areas, so keep valuables secure. Women travelers should be prepared for attention and occasional catcalling, which, while uncomfortable, is rarely threatening.
Cultural Tips:
- Dress modestly, covering shoulders and knees (especially important for women)
- Remove shoes before entering mosques
- Ask permission before photographing locals
- Use your right hand for eating and greeting
- Learn basic Arabic phrases like “shukran” (thank you)
Safety Tips:
- Use reputable transportation (Uber, Careem, or hotel-arranged taxis)
- Be firm with persistent vendors and guides
- Drink bottled water only
- Keep a copy of your passport separate from the original
- Register with your country’s embassy upon arrival
Money Matters
The Egyptian Pound (EGP) is the local currency. While credit cards are accepted at hotels and upscale restaurants, cash is king for most transactions. ATMs are widely available in tourist areas and shopping malls. Tipping (called “baksheesh”) is customary for services—around 10% in restaurants and small amounts for hotel staff, bathroom attendants, and guides.
Currency Tip: Exchange some money at the airport for immediate needs, but get better rates at banks or exchange offices in the city. Always count your change carefully.
Health and Comfort
Health Precautions:
- Drink only bottled water and avoid ice in drinks
- Be cautious with street food—choose busy stalls with high turnover
- Bring medication for stomach issues
- Use sunscreen and stay hydrated, especially in summer
- Consider travel insurance with medical coverage
What to Pack:
- Lightweight, modest clothing that covers shoulders and knees
- Comfortable walking shoes for uneven terrain
- Sun hat, sunglasses, and high-SPF sunscreen
- Small backpack for day trips
- Scarf for women to cover hair when entering mosques
Important: Cairo’s air quality can be poor, especially in summer. Those with respiratory conditions should consult their doctor before traveling and consider bringing appropriate medication.
Ready to Experience Cairo?
From the timeless wonder of the Pyramids to the vibrant energy of Khan El-Khalili, Cairo offers an unparalleled journey through history and culture. This city, where ancient monuments stand alongside bustling modern neighborhoods, rewards curious travelers with unforgettable experiences at every turn.
Whether you’re marveling at treasures from Tutankhamun’s tomb, savoring authentic koshari at a local eatery, or watching the sunset paint the Nile in golden hues, Cairo’s magic will capture your heart. The city’s chaos may seem overwhelming at first, but beneath the noise and dust lies a warm hospitality and rich cultural tapestry that has welcomed visitors for thousands of years.
Begin Your Cairo Adventure
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As an ancient Egyptian proverb says, “The monument of a man is his goodness.” In Cairo, you’ll discover the monuments of an entire civilization—one that continues to inspire wonder and awe thousands of years after its golden age. Are you ready to walk through 5,000 years of history? Cairo awaits!
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