Did you know that Royal Manas National Park is not only Bhutan’s oldest protected area but also home to the country’s own “Big 5” wildlife species? Established in 1966 and covering 1,057 square kilometers (408 square miles), this remarkable conservation showpiece shelters over 900 plant species and more than 365 bird varieties. Often called the “Conservation Showpiece of the Kingdom,” Royal Manas represents the largest example of tropical and subtropical ecosystems in Bhutan and serves as a critical wildlife corridor connecting to protected areas in both Bhutan and neighboring India.
Getting There & Planning Your Journey
Reaching Royal Manas National Park requires some planning, as it’s located in the southern part of Bhutan. The most common route begins with flying into Paro International Airport, Bhutan’s only international airport. From there, you have several options:
- From Thimphu (the capital), take a bus or hire a car to Gelephu, then continue to Panbang
- Alternatively, travel from Thimphu to Zhemgang, then to Gomphu (approximately 3 hours)
- For the adventurous, consider the 4-day Gomphu-Manas-Norbugang eco-trek through the Eastern Himalayas
Remember that all visitors to Bhutan require a visa and must book through a licensed Bhutanese tour operator. The daily tariff is typically $250 USD from March to May and September to November, reduced to $200 USD during December to February and June to August.
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Best Time to Visit Royal Manas National Park
The park experiences significant seasonal variations, with the monsoon season bringing heavy rainfall. For the optimal experience:
Recommended Seasons
- Winter (November-February): Ideal for wildlife viewing and bird watching with minimal rainfall and pleasant temperatures ranging from 15-25°C (59-77°F)
- Early Spring (March-April): Good visibility and comfortable weather before the monsoon
- Autumn (September-October): Clear skies and moderate temperatures after the monsoon season
Seasons to Avoid
- Monsoon (May-September): Heavy rainfall (up to 5,000 mm annually) makes trails muddy and difficult to navigate
- Peak Summer (June-July): Hot, humid conditions with frequent downpours and reduced wildlife sightings
Winter months are particularly recommended for spotting migratory birds and endemic animals. The clear weather provides better visibility for wildlife photography and more comfortable trekking conditions.
Getting Around Locally
Once you’ve reached Royal Manas National Park, there are several ways to explore its diverse ecosystems:
- Guided Hiking: The most common way to experience the park is through guided hikes along established trails. The Gomphu-Manas-Norbugang eco-trail is particularly popular, with approximately 4 hours of hiking each day between eco-camps.
- Elephant Safari: For a unique perspective, elephant-back safaris allow you to traverse grasslands while searching for the elusive one-horned rhinoceros and other wildlife.
- Boating: Take a 30-minute boat ride on the Manas River to spot Gangetic dolphins and various fish species, including the rare Golden Mahseer.
- 4×4 Vehicles: Limited jeep safaris are available in certain areas of the park.
All visitors must be accompanied by licensed guides, who not only ensure your safety but also enhance your experience with their knowledge of local wildlife, plants, and cultural insights.
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Where to Stay
Accommodation options within and around Royal Manas National Park are limited but authentic, offering a genuine experience of Bhutan’s natural environment:
- Eco-Camps: Five community-managed eco-camps are located along the Gomphu-Manas-Norbugang trail. Each camp features two eco-lodges with twin beds, camping areas, kitchen facilities, dining spaces, toilets/bathrooms, and drinking water. Some luxury lodges even offer hot springs.
- Mathanguri Forest Lodge: Located on the Manas riverbank near the park border, this lodge offers generator service, jeep safaris, elephant rides, and meals. The balcony provides excellent wildlife viewing opportunities.
- Jigme Suites: This 3-star aparthotel located 2.3 kilometers from Simtokha Dzong offers in-room kitchens, restaurant service, complimentary WiFi, and airport shuttle facilities.
- Nearby Towns: Additional accommodation options can be found in Gelephu and Panbang, though these are still limited compared to more touristy areas of Bhutan.
Booking accommodation well in advance is essential, especially for the eco-lodges which have limited capacity. Your Bhutanese tour operator can assist with these arrangements as part of your overall travel package.
Find Your Perfect Stay
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Dining & Local Cuisine
Dining in Royal Manas National Park is an authentic experience centered around traditional Bhutanese cuisine prepared with local ingredients:
- Eco-Camp Meals: The community management groups at each eco-camp provide meals using locally sourced ingredients. Expect simple but flavorful dishes that reflect the regional cuisine.
- Traditional Khengpa Food: The indigenous Khengpa people prepare distinctive dishes that differ slightly from mainstream Bhutanese cuisine. Don’t miss the opportunity to share a meal with locals to experience their culinary traditions.
- Bhutanese Staples: Red rice, ema datshi (chili cheese stew), and various meat dishes feature prominently in meals throughout the region.
- Seasonal Fruits: Fresh oranges are available during winter months in villages like Mamung along the trekking routes.
Visitors should bring some snacks and water for day excursions, though meals are typically included in tour packages. Those with dietary restrictions should communicate these well in advance to their tour operator, as options may be limited in this remote area.
Attractions, Sightseeing & Activities
Bhutan’s “Big 5” Wildlife
Royal Manas is home to Bhutan’s version of the “Big 5” wildlife species, which include:
- Bengal Tiger: The park houses a significant population of these endangered big cats
- Asian Elephant: Herds roam throughout the lower elevations of the park
- One-horned Rhinoceros: This critically endangered species finds refuge here
- Clouded Leopard: These elusive cats inhabit the dense forests
- Water Buffalo/Gaur: The impressive wild bovines can be spotted in grassland areas
Other Notable Wildlife
Beyond the “Big 5,” the park’s biodiversity includes:
- Golden Langur: This rare primate is endemic to the region
- Gangetic River Dolphin: Spot these endangered aquatic mammals in the Manas River
- Hornbills: Several species including Great Indian, Rufous-necked, and Wreathed Hornbills
- Rare Species: Hispid hare, pygmy hog, and various endangered reptiles
Key Activities
- Gomphu-Manas-Norbugang Eco-Trail: This four-day trek takes you through diverse ecosystems with approximately 4 hours of hiking each day between eco-camps.
- Birdwatching: With over 365 bird species, including the critically endangered White-bellied Heron, the park is a paradise for birders.
- River Activities: Boat rides on the Manas River offer opportunities for fishing and spotting aquatic wildlife.
- Cultural Immersion: Interact with indigenous Khengpa people to learn about their traditional lifestyle, participate in local sports, and enjoy cultural performances.
Experience Royal Manas National Park
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Museums, Cultural Spots & Festivals
While Royal Manas National Park is primarily known for its natural attractions, the surrounding areas offer rich cultural experiences:
Local Festivals (Tsechus)
- Pangtang Powgi Lodue: A traditional celebration by the Pangtang community
- Tashibi Village Tsechu: Held on the 14th and 15th day of the 10th Bhutanese month
- Panbang Tsechu: Annual festival from the 8th to 10th day of the 11th Bhutanese month at Sonam Choeling Dratsang
- Nimshongborang Tsechu: A unique celebration held from the 8th to 10th day of the 5th Bhutanese month and from the 9th to 10th day of the 8th Bhutanese month
Cultural Immersion
- Khengpa Villages: Visit traditional settlements to experience the lifestyle of this ethnic group who speak Khengkha, a local dialect
- Traditional Architecture: Observe houses built of stone, mud, and wood, as well as bamboo structures with banana leaf roofs
- Religious Sites: Explore local temples and religious caves that hold significance for the communities
- Traditional Sports: Participate in local games and activities with village residents
The communities around Royal Manas practice both Buddhism and Bonism (an ancient pre-Buddhist religion), creating a fascinating cultural landscape. Engaging with these traditions adds depth to your wildlife experience in the park.
Sports, Nature & Outdoor Experiences
Royal Manas National Park offers a variety of outdoor activities for nature enthusiasts:
Trekking & Hiking
- Gomphu-Manas-Norbugang Eco-Trail: The premier trekking experience in the park, this four-day journey takes you through diverse ecosystems with stays at community-managed eco-camps
- Day Hikes: Shorter trails connect to the park’s eight natural salt licks, where wildlife frequently gathers
- Bat Cave Excursion: Hike to natural limestone caves that house various bat species
Water Activities
- River Rafting: Experience the rapids of the Manas River with guided rafting expeditions
- Fishing: Try your hand at angling for rare species like Golden Mahseer (catch and release only)
- Boating: Take a boat ride to spot Gangetic dolphins and aquatic birds
Wildlife Observation
- Birdwatching: With over 365 bird species, including globally endangered ones like the Rufous-necked hornbill and Pallas fish eagle
- Wildlife Photography: Dedicated hides and viewpoints for capturing images of the park’s diverse fauna
- Night Safaris: Limited opportunities for guided night excursions to spot nocturnal species
The park’s varied elevation (from 108 to 2,600 meters above sea level) creates diverse habitats ranging from tropical monsoon forests to cool broadleaved forests, offering unique experiences at different altitudes.
Safety, Etiquette & Local Customs
Visiting Royal Manas National Park requires awareness of both safety considerations and cultural sensitivities:
Safety Guidelines
- Always Trek with Guides: Licensed guides are mandatory and crucial for both safety and enriching your experience
- Wildlife Distance: Maintain a safe distance from all wildlife, especially larger mammals
- Medical Preparation: Bring basic first aid supplies and any personal medications, as medical facilities are limited
- Insect Protection: Use insect repellent and appropriate clothing to protect against mosquitoes and leeches
- Weather Awareness: Be prepared for sudden weather changes, especially during shoulder seasons
Cultural Etiquette
- Dress Modestly: When visiting villages or religious sites, cover shoulders and knees
- Ask Before Photographing: Always request permission before taking photos of local people
- Remove Shoes: Take off footwear when entering temples or private homes
- Respect Religious Objects: Do not touch or climb on religious structures
- Sustainable Practices: Follow leave-no-trace principles and respect the park’s conservation efforts
The communities around Royal Manas have maintained their traditional way of life for generations. Approaching interactions with respect and curiosity will enhance your experience and contribute positively to community-based tourism initiatives.
Practical Travel Tips
- Entry Requirements: All visitors to Bhutan need a visa arranged through a licensed Bhutanese tour operator. The daily tariff (currently $250 USD in peak season, $200 USD in off-season) covers accommodation, meals, transport, and a licensed guide.
- Park Permits: Specific permits for Royal Manas can be obtained from the Nature Recreation and Ecotourism Division, Department of Forests and Park Services in Thimphu.
- Border Considerations: Since some entry/exit points pass through India, double-entry visas for both Bhutan and India may be required depending on your itinerary.
- Packing Essentials: Bring sturdy hiking boots, lightweight moisture-wicking clothes, rain gear, insect repellent, sunscreen, and a good pair of binoculars for wildlife viewing.
- Communication: Mobile coverage is limited in the park. Inform someone of your itinerary before entering remote areas.
- Currency: The Bhutanese Ngultrum (Nu) is the local currency, though USD is also accepted in many places. Bring sufficient cash as ATMs are not available in remote areas.
- Language: Dzongkha is the official language, but English is widely spoken by guides and in tourist areas. Local communities around Royal Manas speak Khengkha and Tshangla dialects.
Start Planning Your Royal Manas Adventure
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Experience Bhutan’s Biological Treasure
Royal Manas National Park represents the heart of Bhutan’s commitment to conservation and sustainable tourism. As you trek through its diverse ecosystems, boat along the Manas River, or connect with local communities, you’ll experience a rare blend of natural wonders and cultural richness that few destinations can match. From spotting the elusive Bengal tiger to participating in traditional Khengpa celebrations, every moment in Royal Manas offers an authentic glimpse into one of the world’s most remarkable protected areas. The park’s community-based ecotourism initiatives ensure that your visit not only creates unforgettable memories but also contributes to the preservation of this biological treasure and supports the livelihoods of local people. Start planning your journey to Royal Manas National Park and discover why it truly deserves its title as the “Conservation Showpiece of the Kingdom.”
The above is subject to change.
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