Guantanamo, Cuba: Best Things to Do – Top Picks

Did you know that Guantanamo province is home to three UNESCO World Heritage sites, the most of any province in Cuba? Beyond headlines about the naval base, this eastern Cuban gem hides extraordinary natural beauty, vibrant culture, and fascinating colonial history waiting to be discovered by adventurous travelers.

Getting There & Planning Your Journey

Reaching Guantanamo requires some planning, as it’s located in Cuba’s easternmost province, approximately 1,000 km (620 miles) from Havana. Most international travelers arrive in Cuba through Havana’s José Martí International Airport, though Santiago de Cuba’s Antonio Maceo Airport is closer to Guantanamo.

Once in Cuba, you have several options to reach Guantanamo:

• Domestic Flights: Guantanamo has two airports – Mariana Grajales Airport in Guantanamo city and Gustavo Rizo Airport in Baracoa. Domestic flights from Havana take approximately 2 hours. Check flight availability before planning your trip.
• Bus: Viazul operates bus services from major Cuban cities to Guantanamo. The journey from Havana takes approximately 20 hours, making it one of the longer but more economical options.
• Car Rental: Renting a car gives you flexibility but expect a 12-hour drive from Havana along the Central Highway. Reserve your rental car well in advance as availability can be limited.
• Private Transfer: Hiring a private taxi is more expensive but comfortable and informative, as drivers often share local knowledge during the journey.

For entry into Cuba, most travelers need a tourist card (visa), which can typically be purchased from your airline or travel agency. Americans should check current travel restrictions, as regulations can change. Ensure your passport is valid for at least six months beyond your planned departure date.

Best Time to Visit Guantanamo

Guantanamo experiences a tropical climate with distinct wet and dry seasons. The best time to visit is during the dry season from November to April when temperatures are pleasant and rainfall is minimal.

If you’re interested in cultural events, consider timing your visit around these local festivities:

• Guantanamo Carnival (August)
• Baracoa Carnival (early April)
• Semana de la Cultura Guantanamera (last week of February)
• Fiesta a la Guantanamera (December 1-4)
• Festival Nacional del Changüí (May 30-June 4, biennial)

Getting Around Locally

Navigating Guantanamo province offers a glimpse into authentic Cuban life. The region is less developed for tourism than western Cuba, which adds to its charm but requires some flexibility in your travel plans.

Transportation Options in Guantanamo

For exploring the city of Guantanamo, walking is often the best option as the main attractions are centrally located. To visit natural attractions like Alejandro Humboldt National Park or remote beaches, consider hiring a guide with transportation or joining organized excursions.

The famous La Farola Viaduct, an engineering marvel connecting Guantanamo with Baracoa, offers one of Cuba’s most spectacular drives. This winding mountain road with 11 bridges provides breathtaking views of the surrounding landscape.

Where to Stay

Accommodation options in Guantanamo range from state-run hotels to privately owned casas particulares (homestays). While luxury resorts are scarce compared to other Cuban destinations, the authentic local experience more than compensates.

Guantanamo City Accommodations

Baracoa Accommodations

Nature Retreats

For nature enthusiasts, ecological accommodations offer unique experiences:

• Campismo El Yunque: A comfortable campsite in El Yunque Natural Park located beside the Duaba River.
• Finca La Esperanza: An authentic farm stay where you can connect with nature and experience traditional rural Cuban life.
• Villa Punta de Maisí: A wonderful hostel with a refreshing pool and beautiful views of the lighthouse and sea at Cuba’s easternmost point.

For an authentic Cuban experience, consider staying in a casa particular (private homestay). These family-run accommodations offer comfortable rooms, home-cooked meals, and invaluable local insights that can enhance your trip. Most hosts are happy to arrange excursions and provide recommendations tailored to your interests.

Dining & Local Cuisine

Guantanamo’s cuisine reflects its unique geography and cultural influences, with distinctive flavors that set it apart from other Cuban regions. The province’s isolation has helped preserve traditional cooking methods and recipes passed down through generations.

Regional Specialties

Baracoa, in particular, is known as Cuba’s culinary capital with several signature dishes you won’t find elsewhere:

• Bacán: A tamale-like dish made from plantains and seafood, wrapped in banana leaves and steamed.
• Cucurucho: A sweet treat made from coconut, honey, and tropical fruits wrapped in a palm leaf cone.
• Tetí: Tiny white fish unique to Baracoa’s rivers, typically fried and served with coconut rice.
• Seafood in Coconut Sauce: Fresh fish or shrimp prepared in a rich sauce made with coconut milk, a Baracoan specialty.
• Chocolate: Baracoa is Cuba’s chocolate capital, producing artisanal chocolate from locally grown cacao.

Where to Eat

Food shortages can occasionally affect menu availability, so maintain flexibility in your dining expectations. State-run restaurants generally offer more limited menus than private paladares, which tend to provide better quality and variety.

For an authentic experience, don’t miss the opportunity to try cucurucho in Baracoa, where street vendors sell this sweet treat in its traditional palm leaf packaging. The unique combination of coconut, honey, and tropical fruits creates a flavor that embodies the region’s culinary heritage.

Attractions, Sightseeing & Activities

Guantanamo province offers diverse attractions from colonial architecture to pristine natural wonders. The region’s relative isolation has preserved both its cultural heritage and natural environments, creating unique experiences for travelers.

Top Attractions in Guantanamo City

• Parroquia Santa Catalina de Ricci: This 19th-century cathedral dominates the historic center with its impressive architecture.
• Parque Martí: The central plaza surrounded by colonial buildings, perfect for people-watching and soaking in local atmosphere.
• Plaza del Mercado: Vibrant market square where you can observe daily Cuban life and purchase local goods.
• Provincial Museum: Explore the region’s history from pre-Columbian times through the mid-20th century.
• Pedro A. Pérez Street: The city’s main thoroughfare comes alive on Saturday nights with outdoor dining and music.

Baracoa Highlights

• Catedral de Nuestra Señora de la Asunción: Houses the Cruz de la Parra, reportedly brought by Columbus in 1492.
• Castillo de Seboruco: Historic fortress offering panoramic views of the bay and city.
• Museo Municipal de Baracoa: Exhibits on the region’s indigenous heritage and colonial history.
• Malecón: Baracoa’s seaside promenade, perfect for sunset strolls.
• Fábrica de Chocolate: Tour the chocolate factory using locally grown cacao.

Natural Wonders

Guantanamo province is home to some of Cuba’s most impressive natural landscapes:

• Alejandro de Humboldt National Park: A UNESCO World Heritage site with exceptional biodiversity and endemic species. The park offers hiking trails through pristine rainforest and opportunities to spot rare wildlife.
• El Yunque: The iconic anvil-shaped mountain near Baracoa offers a challenging but rewarding hike with spectacular views.
• Río Toa: Cuba’s largest river flows through the Cuchillas del Toa Biosphere Reserve, offering opportunities for boat trips and swimming in crystal-clear waters.
• Yumurí Canyon: A dramatic gorge with emerald waters perfect for boat excursions to appreciate the towering limestone walls.
• Beaches: Discover pristine beaches like Playa Maguana, Playa Blanca, and Playa Duaba, each with its own unique character.

Punta de Maisí

Visit Cuba’s easternmost point at Punta de Maisí, where you’ll find:

• The historic lighthouse built in the 19th century
• Spectacular marine terraces formed over millennia
• Pozo Azul, a crystal-clear turquoise water well
• Archaeological sites showcasing Taíno indigenous culture
• Coffee plantations adapting to the unique microclimate

While the U.S. Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay is not accessible to tourists, the town of Caimanera nearby offers interesting ecological sites including the semi-desert Tinajones area and the Hatibonico Ecological Reserve.

Museums, Cultural Spots & Festivals

Guantanamo’s rich cultural heritage reflects its diverse influences, from indigenous Taíno culture to Spanish colonial history and Afro-Caribbean traditions. The province offers numerous opportunities to engage with local culture through museums, historic sites, and vibrant festivals.

Museums & Cultural Institutions

• Museo Provincial de Guantánamo: Comprehensive exhibits on the region’s history, archaeology, and cultural development.
• Museo Municipal de Baracoa: Focuses on Baracoa’s status as Cuba’s first Spanish settlement and its unique cultural evolution.
• Cueva del Paraíso Archaeological Museum: Displays artifacts from the region’s indigenous Taíno inhabitants.
• Casa de la Trova: Traditional music venue where you can experience authentic Cuban sounds.
• Casa de Cultura: Cultural centers in both Guantanamo city and Baracoa hosting art exhibitions and performances.

Major Festivals & Events

Cultural Experiences

Don’t miss these authentic cultural experiences in Guantanamo:

• Changüí Music: Experience this distinctive musical style originating in Guantanamo, characterized by its use of the tres (Cuban guitar), maracas, bongos, and güiro.
• Tumba Francesa: Witness this UNESCO-recognized cultural heritage, a unique dance tradition brought by Haitian slaves that blends French court dances with African rhythms.
• Nengón and Kiribá: Traditional Afro-descendant dances from the Yumurí area that preserve ancient cultural expressions.
• Cocoa and Chocolate Production: Learn about traditional chocolate-making processes in Baracoa, Cuba’s chocolate capital.
• Coffee Plantations: Visit the French Coffee Plantations, a UNESCO World Heritage site showcasing 19th-century coffee cultivation methods.

For music lovers, the Casa de la Trova in both Guantanamo city and Baracoa offers authentic performances of traditional Cuban music. These venues provide an intimate setting to experience the region’s rich musical heritage while interacting with local musicians.

Sports, Nature & Outdoor Experiences

Guantanamo’s diverse landscapes offer exceptional opportunities for outdoor enthusiasts. From mountain hiking to pristine beaches, the province’s natural attractions provide memorable adventures for travelers seeking active experiences.

Hiking & Trekking

The mountainous terrain of Guantanamo creates perfect conditions for hiking:

• El Yunque: This 575 m (1,886 ft) table mountain near Baracoa offers a challenging 8 km (5 mi) round-trip hike through dense forest with spectacular views from the summit.
• Alejandro de Humboldt National Park: Multiple trails ranging from easy walks to challenging treks through one of the most biodiverse ecosystems in the Caribbean.
• Cuchillas del Toa Biosphere Reserve: Guided hikes through pristine forests with opportunities to spot endemic birds and plants.
• Yumurí Canyon: Trails along the canyon rim offering dramatic views of the river below.

Water Activities

The coastal areas and rivers of Guantanamo provide numerous water-based activities:

• Beach Relaxation: Enjoy the pristine beaches of Maguana, Playa Blanca, and Duaba, each offering unique coastal experiences.
• Río Toa Boat Trips: Navigate Cuba’s largest river through spectacular scenery on traditional wooden boats.
• Yumurí Canyon Boat Excursions: Travel through the dramatic canyon by boat, admiring the towering limestone walls.
• Snorkeling: Explore coral reefs off the coast of Baracoa with diverse marine life.
• Fishing: Join local fishermen for traditional fishing experiences in both rivers and coastal waters.

Wildlife Watching

Guantanamo province is a paradise for wildlife enthusiasts:

• Birdwatching: Spot endemic species like the Cuban Trogon, Cuban Tody, and Bee Hummingbird (the world’s smallest bird).
• Reptile Observation: Look for endemic lizards and the Cuban boa in their natural habitats.
• Plant Diversity: Discover unique flora including rare orchids and ancient cycads.
• Butterfly Watching: The region hosts numerous colorful butterfly species, particularly in the national park.

Cycling & Mountain Biking

While organized cycling tours are limited, adventurous travelers can arrange bicycle rentals through their accommodations to explore:

• The relatively flat terrain around Guantanamo city
• Coastal roads near Baracoa
• Rural communities surrounding major towns

For the truly adventurous, the La Farola Viaduct between Guantanamo and Baracoa offers a challenging but spectacular cycling route with breathtaking views. However, this should only be attempted by experienced cyclists comfortable with mountain roads and varying weather conditions.

Safety, Etiquette & Local Customs

Guantanamo is generally a safe destination for travelers, with low crime rates and friendly locals. However, as with any travel destination, it’s important to be aware of local customs, etiquette, and safety considerations.

Safety Tips

• Guantanamo province has a significant military presence due to its strategic location, so avoid photographing military installations or personnel.
• The U.S. Naval Base is strictly off-limits to tourists and is heavily guarded. Do not attempt to approach restricted areas.
• Carry a photocopy of your passport and visa while keeping the originals in your hotel safe.
• Healthcare facilities are limited outside major towns, so bring essential medications and consider travel insurance with evacuation coverage.
• When hiking in natural areas, always use a local guide to avoid getting lost and to identify potentially hazardous plants or animals.
• During hurricane season (June-November), stay informed about weather forecasts and follow any evacuation orders.

Cultural Etiquette

Local Customs

Understanding these aspects of Cuban culture will enhance your experience in Guantanamo:

• Music and Dance: Music is integral to Cuban life. Don’t be surprised if you’re invited to join in dancing – participation is appreciated!
• Socializing: Cubans are generally warm and sociable. Conversations may include personal questions that might seem forward to some foreigners.
• Tipping: While not mandatory, tipping (10-15%) is appreciated in restaurants and for services, especially given the low local wages.
• Gift Giving: Small gifts like toiletries, school supplies, or clothing are appreciated by locals due to limited availability.
• Religion: Respect religious practices, which include a blend of Catholicism and Santería (an Afro-Cuban religion).

The dual currency system that previously existed in Cuba has been unified, but the economic situation remains complex. U.S. credit cards typically don’t work in Cuba, so bring sufficient cash. The Cuban Peso (CUP) is the official currency, though some tourist establishments may still accept Euros or Canadian dollars.

Practical Travel Tips

These practical tips will help you navigate the unique aspects of traveling in Guantanamo and ensure a smooth, enjoyable experience:

Before You Go

• Visa Requirements: Most visitors need a tourist card (visa), which can be purchased from Cuban embassies, authorized travel agencies, or some airlines.
• Currency: Bring cash (Euros or Canadian Dollars preferred) as U.S. credit/debit cards generally don’t work in Cuba. There are limited ATMs in Guantanamo province.
• Electricity: Cuba uses 110V/60Hz with both flat American-style and European round plugs. Bring an adapter if needed.
• Internet Access: Wi-Fi is limited and primarily available in hotels and designated public hotspots. Purchase internet cards (ETECSA) upon arrival.
• Language: Spanish is the official language, and English is less commonly spoken in Guantanamo than in more touristy areas of Cuba. A basic Spanish phrasebook is highly recommended.

Packing Essentials

Transportation Tips

• Reserve rental cars well in advance due to limited availability.
• For the journey between Guantanamo city and Baracoa, the morning Viazul bus offers the best views of La Farola Viaduct.
• Shared taxis (colectivos) are more frequent than buses for travel between smaller towns.
• When using local transportation, confirm the price before departing to avoid misunderstandings.
• Allow extra time for all journeys as schedules can be unpredictable.

Communication

Staying connected in Guantanamo requires some planning:

• Purchase ETECSA internet cards upon arrival (available at ETECSA offices, hotels, and some shops).
• Download offline maps, translation apps, and travel guides before your trip.
• Consider renting a Cuban SIM card if your phone is unlocked (available at ETECSA offices).
• Inform family and friends that you may have limited connectivity during your stay.
• Most casas particulares can help arrange local calls if needed.

Remember that Guantanamo province operates at a slower pace than many travelers are accustomed to. Embracing this relaxed rhythm is part of the authentic Cuban experience and will enhance your enjoyment of this unique destination.

Conclusion

Guantanamo province offers travelers a rare glimpse into an authentic, less-commercialized Cuba where natural wonders, colonial history, and vibrant culture create unforgettable experiences. From the lush rainforests of Alejandro de Humboldt National Park to the historic streets of Baracoa, from the distinctive flavors of local cuisine to the infectious rhythms of Changüí music, Guantanamo rewards adventurous travelers with genuine connections and extraordinary memories.

While the region may lack the polished tourism infrastructure of western Cuba, its raw beauty and cultural authenticity more than compensate. By approaching your journey with flexibility, respect for local customs, and a spirit of adventure, you’ll discover the true heart of eastern Cuba – a place where tradition endures, nature thrives, and visitors are welcomed with genuine warmth.

Guantanamo isn’t just a destination—it’s a doorway to Cuba’s wild heart. From biosphere reserves to rhythms you’ll feel in your bones, your adventure begins here.