You’ll find that Sanliurfa is a genuine representation of traditional Turkish life, untouched by mass tourism.
Narrow alleyways lead to hidden tea houses, converted caravanserais, and historic sites, giving you a glimpse into the city’s rich history and cultural heritage.
As you visit this ancient city, you’ll uncover its significance as a religious pilgrimage site and experience the local cuisine, making for an unforgettable trip.
With its unique blend of history, culture, and natural beauty, Sanliurfa is a must-visit destination for any traveler.
Discovering the Ancient City of Sanliurfa
Sanliurfa, a city steeped in history, offers a unique travel experience that sets it apart from other Turkish cities. As you explore this ancient city, you’ll discover a place where the past and present converge in a fascinating blend of cultures and traditions.
The architecture in Sanliurfa is a testament to its rich history, with stunning hans (caravanserais) that transport you back to the days of traders on the Silk Road. The city’s hospitable people, astounding archaeological museum, and the nearby excavated site of Gobekli Tepe add to its allure, making it a compelling travel destination.
Why Sanliurfa Should Be on Your Turkey Itinerary
Sanliurfa stands out as a must-visit destination in Turkey, offering an experience that’s distinctly different from the country’s more touristy western city. The region‘s cultural crossroads atmosphere, where Turkish, Kurdish, and Arab influences blend, creates a unique ambiance that’s unlike anywhere else in the country.
- Experience the city’s remarkably preserved architecture, which transports you back in time to the era of the Silk Road.
- Enjoy an authentic travel experience with its traditional hans, historic bazaars, and religious sites.
- Discover why Sanliurfa is considered one of Turkey’s hidden gems, offering rich cultural experiences without the crowds found in more popular destinations.
By visiting Sanliurfa, you’ll gain a deeper understanding of the place and its significance in history, making it a valuable addition to your Turkey itinerary.
The Rich History of Sanliurfa
Sanliurfa, a city with a history spanning 12,000 years, is a treasure trove of ancient civilizations and cultures. As you explore this ancient city, you’ll uncover the layers of its rich past, from its origins as a site for hunter-gatherers to its development as a major center of early civilization.
From Edessa to Glorious Urfa
The city’s history began around 12,000 years ago, with evidence of early worship sites seen in nearby excavations like Gobeklitepe and Karahantepe. Fast forward to the 4th century BC, Sanliurfa was under the Seleucid Empire due to Alexander the Great’s conquests, and it was renamed Edessa after his death. Over the centuries, the city was ruled by numerous empires, including the Assyrian, Roman, Persian, Islamic armies, Byzantine, and Mongolian, before coming under Ottoman rule for 400 years. In 1984, Urfa was awarded the prefix ‘Sanli’, meaning glorious, for its role during the Turkish War of Independence.
This transformation from Edessa to modern Sanliurfa is a testament to the city’s resilience and adaptability through the times. You’ll journey through this remarkable history, understanding how the city evolved and maintained its significance across different eras and cultures.
The Legend of Prophet Abraham and King Nimrod
A pivotal part of Sanliurfa’s history is the legend of Prophet Abraham and King Nimrod, a story deeply intertwined with the city’s religious significance. According to tradition, Prophet Abraham was born in a cave within the city, which is now a major pilgrimage site. The legend tells of Abraham’s confrontation with King Nimrod, a powerful ruler who defied the prophet. This biblical narrative connects directly to various physical locations in Sanliurfa, creating a tangible link between ancient mythology and the city’s present-day landscape.
Visiting these sites, you’ll experience the spiritual and historical depth of Sanliurfa, understanding why it remains a significant location for multiple faiths. The story of Prophet Abraham and King Nimrod not only highlights the city’s religious importance but also its role in shaping the cultural and historical identity of the region.
How to Get to Sanliurfa
You can easily reach Sanliurfa by air or bus, depending on your preference and starting location. Sanliurfa is a significant cultural and historical destination in Turkey, and getting there is straightforward.
By Air: Flights to Sanliurfa
Sanliurfa’s domestic airport, GNY, receives flights from major Turkish cities like Istanbul, Ankara, and Izmir. Flying is a convenient option if you’re traveling from a distant part of Turkey or prefer a quicker trip. Direct flights make it easy to plan your journey.
By Bus: Connections from Major Turkish Cities
For those traveling from nearby cities or preferring a more budget-friendly option, buses are a viable alternative. Regular bus services connect Sanliurfa to surrounding cities. For example, the bus journey from Gaziantep to Sanliurfa takes about two hours, while the trip from Sanliurfa to Mardin takes around two and a half hours. Companies like Vangolu operate on these routes, ensuring comfortable travel. You can check the bus schedule in advance to plan your trip according to your time.
Getting Around Sanliurfa
Once you arrive in Sanliurfa, getting around the city is relatively easy. Public buses, including bus number 0, connect major attractions. For instance, you can take bus number 0 from outside the Archaeological Museum to Göbekli Tepe in about 45 minutes. Taxis are also readily available for shorter journeys or when you prefer a more direct route.
Where to Stay in Sanliurfa
You’ll discover a variety of accommodation options in Sanliurfa, from budget-friendly guesthouses to luxury hotels. The city offers a range of hotels and guesthouses that cater to different budgets and preferences, ensuring a comfortable stay for all visitors.
Budget Accommodations
For travelers on a budget, Sanliurfa has plenty of affordable options. The Grand Babil Otel is a great example, offering simple yet clean rooms in a historical building with a beautiful courtyard area. It’s located in Yusufpaşa, making it a convenient base for exploring the city. The hotel includes a basic breakfast in the room rate and is known for its friendly hosts.
Staying in converted hans (caravanserais) like Grand Babil Otel provides a unique experience, combining historical atmosphere with modern amenities. These complex accommodations often feature beautiful courtyards and balconies, adding to the charm of your stay in Sanliurfa.
Mid-Range and Luxury Options
For those looking to upgrade their stay, Sanliurfa also offers mid-range and luxury hotels. These hotels often blend traditional architecture with modern comforts, providing an authentic experience. Many are located near major attractions, making it easy to explore the city’s historical sites, such as the Şanlıurfa Archaeology Museum and Balikligol (Fish Lake).
When choosing a hotel, consider the location and the amenities offered. Many hotels in Sanliurfa provide traditional Turkish breakfasts and opportunities to interact with local hosts, enhancing your overall experience.
Visit Göbekli Tepe: The World’s Oldest Temple
Göbekli Tepe, situated near Sanliurfa, is an archaeological marvel that predates Stonehenge by 6,000 years, offering a glimpse into the dawn of organized religion. This ancient temple complex, dating back around 9,500 years, is a significant historical site that is rewriting the narrative of human civilization.
The Archaeological Significance
The site’s groundbreaking significance lies in its proof that organized religion existed before agriculture and permanent settlements, challenging previous theories about societal development. As you explore Göbekli Tepe, you’ll discover massive T-shaped limestone pillars, some weighing several tons, intricately carved with animal figures using only stone tools.
These carvings and the circular formations of the pillars provide a unique insight into the lives of the people who built this temple, long before the advent of metal tools or pottery. The site is still an ongoing excavation, with only about 5% of the ruins uncovered, leaving much to be discovered about this fascinating piece of history.
Practical Tips for Visiting
To visit Göbekli Tepe from Sanliurfa, you can take Bus #0, which is readily available. The journey is approximately 15km and offers a scenic route to the site. Upon arrival, you’ll be greeted by the impressive stone structures that have been preserved and protected.
Practical tips include checking the bus schedules in advance and planning your visit during the cooler parts of the day to avoid the heat. The entrance fee is reasonable, and guided tours are available for those seeking a deeper understanding of the site’s history and significance.
As you wander through Göbekli Tepe, you’ll be struck by the ingenuity and skill of the ancient people who constructed this complex, using only the most basic tools. The site is a testament to the importance of preserving our cultural heritage and continues to captivate visitors from around the world.
Explore Balikligol: The Sacred Fish Lake
One of Sanliurfa’s most revered sites is Balikligol, a picturesque lake steeped in biblical history and legend. This sacred lake, also known as the Pool of Abraham, is a must-visit destination when in Sanliurfa.
The Story Behind the Sacred Carp
The legend surrounding Balikligol is deeply rooted in the story of Prophet Abraham and King Nimrod. According to historical accounts, King Nimrod, angered by Abraham’s beliefs, sentenced him to death by burning him in a pyre. Miraculously, God intervened, turning the flames into water and the burning logs into fish. This miraculous event is commemorated by the presence of thousands of sacred fish in the lake.
The local belief is that spotting a white carp among the grey ones brings good fortune. However, harming or eating the fish is believed to cause blindness, adding to the reverence with which these creatures are treated.
Exploring the Lake and Surrounding Gardens
The Balikligol complex is not just about the lake; it’s also about the serene gardens and parks that surround it. Visitors can take a leisurely stroll under the shade trees, enjoy the beautifully maintained rose gardens, and observe locals feeding the sacred carp. The atmosphere is peaceful, making it an ideal spot for relaxation.
As you walk around the lake, you’ll find several cafes and food vendors. You can enjoy a cup of tea while taking in the tranquil view of the water. The tradition of feeding the carp is a significant part of the visitor experience, with fish food available for purchase from vendors around the lake.
Visit the Cave of Abraham
You won’t want to miss the Cave of Abraham, a sacred site deeply connected to Prophet Abraham’s life. Located in Sanliurfa, Turkey, this cave is believed to be the birthplace of Abraham, making it a significant pilgrimage destination for Muslims, Christians, and Jews alike.
The Cave of Abraham, also known as Ibrahim Halilullah Dergahi, holds immense religious significance. According to legend, Abraham’s mother hid him in this cave for the first seven years of his life to protect him from King Nimrod’s decree to kill all newborn boys.
Religious Significance and Pilgrimage Site
The cave is not just a historical site; it’s a living, breathing testament to the faith of people from various religious backgrounds. Visitors are drawn to its spiritual energy, and many come to pay their respects to the prophet Abraham.
As you explore the cave, you’ll notice that it’s partially submerged in water, adding to its mystique. The site is revered for its connection to Abraham’s early life, making it a unique place for spiritual reflection.
Visitor Information and Etiquette
When visiting the Cave of Abraham, it’s essential to be respectful of the local customs and traditions. Women are required to cover their heads, and there are separate entrances and prayer areas for men and women.
As you make your way through the cave, you’ll notice that some areas are protected by glass walls. Visitors often engage in spiritual practices, such as drinking from the holy water faucet. When exiting the cave, women typically do so backwards, a custom that visitors are encouraged to follow as a sign of respect.
Wander Through the Gumruk Bazaar
As you step into the Gumruk Bazaar, you’re instantly immersed in a world of vibrant colors and sounds. This authentic Turkish market is a must-visit destination in Sanliurfa, offering a unique blend of traditional crafts, local cuisine, and cultural experiences.
Discovering Local Crafts and Delicacies
The bazaar’s narrow streets are lined with artisans practicing traditional crafts such as wood carving and metalworking. You’ll witness the skillful hands of craftsmen as they shape and mold their creations, filling the air with the sounds of hammering and drilling.
As you explore the bazaar, your senses will be delighted by the aromas of spices and local delicacies. Be sure to try Pişmaniye, a traditional Turkish dessert made from butter and flour, giving it a rich flavor unlike cotton candy.
Relaxing in Traditional Tea Houses
At the heart of the Gumruk Bazaar lies a large covered courtyard, home to several traditional tea houses. Here, you can take a break and people watch while sipping on Turkish tea or bitter mirra coffee. Observing the locals going about their daily business adds to the charm of the experience.
To make the most of your visit, consider exploring the bazaar during the cooler parts of the day, avoiding the peak sun hours. This will allow you to enjoy the area‘s offerings at a leisurely time, taking in all the sights and sounds without rush.
By wandering through the Gumruk Bazaar, you’ll experience the authentic essence of Sanliurfa, creating memories that will last a lifetime.
Explore the Blacksmith Market and Barutcu Han
As you wander through the historic streets of Sanliurfa, you’ll stumble upon the Blacksmith Market, a vibrant hub of activity that leads to the hidden gem of Barutcu Han. This ancient caravanserai, tucked away at the end of the market street, is a must-visit destination for anyone looking to experience the rich history and culture of the region.
The Historic Caravanserai Experience
Barutcu Han is a beautifully restored caravanserai that once served as a crucial stopover for merchants traveling along the Silk Road. The building boasts a two-story structure with rooms that once housed travelers and goods. Today, visitors can explore this historic inn, now transformed into a stunning social space with a large courtyard where you can relax and soak up the atmosphere.
As you explore the han, take a moment to appreciate its architectural features and imagine the bustling activity that once took place here. The upper level offers spectacular views of the surrounding area, providing a unique perspective on this ancient building.
Enjoying Turkish Tea in an Ancient Setting
One of the highlights of visiting Barutcu Han is the opportunity to enjoy a traditional Turkish tea in the atmospheric courtyard. Surrounded by ancient stone walls that echo with centuries of history, you can sit back and savor the moment, feeling as though you’ve traveled back in time. You can also indulge in a full Turkish breakfast spread, making your visit a truly memorable experience.
Whether you’re looking to relax, learn about history, or simply enjoy the local culture, Barutcu Han is a destination that promises to enrich your travel experience in Sanliurfa.
Visit the Mevlid Halil Mosque and Rizvaniye Mosque
Visiting Sanliurfa without stopping by the Mevlid Halil Mosque and Rizvaniye Mosque is unthinkable. These two mosques, located adjacent to Balikligol (Fish Lake), are significant religious sites that showcase the city’s rich history and architecture.
Architectural Features and Historical Significance
The Mevlid Halil Mosque and Rizvaniye Mosque complex boasts stunning architecture, with interiors decorated in vibrant blues and reds, intricate stained glass windows, and elaborate chandeliers. The mosques are closely linked to the story of Prophet Abraham, a pivotal figure in Sanliurfa’s religious identity. The complex is a building that has stood the test of time, reflecting the city’s historical and cultural heritage.
The historical significance of these mosques is profound, as they are part of the religious fabric of Sanliurfa. The adjacent cave, believed to be the birthplace of Prophet Abraham, adds to the complex’s importance.
Visitor Information and Photography Tips
When visiting the Mevlid Halil Mosque and Rizvaniye Mosque, it’s essential to dress modestly. Women are required to cover their heads; headscarves can be rented at the cave for a small donation. The complex has separate entrances for men and women, leading to different parts of the cave. Visitors should be mindful of prayer times and respect local etiquette.
For photography, the best times are early morning or late afternoon when the light is soft. Capture the intricate details of the stained glass windows and the elaborate chandeliers. Be respectful of worshippers and avoid taking pictures inside the prayer areas.
Climb Urfa Kale (Citadel) for Panoramic Views
As you climb to the top of Urfa Kale, the panoramic views of Sanliurfa unfold, revealing the city’s unique blend of history and culture. This ancient citadel, built at the end of the 2nd century, stands as a testament to the region’s rich past.
History of the Ancient Fortress
Urfa Kale has played a significant role throughout history, serving as a strategic fortress for various empires that controlled the area. Its construction dates back to Roman times, and it has been utilized by successive civilizations, each leaving their mark on this historic building.
The citadel’s strategic importance is evident in its architectural features, including the remaining walls and rooms that hint at its former grandeur. Despite being mostly in ruins, Urfa Kale continues to captivate visitors with its historical significance.
What to See and Photography Spots
From the top of Urfa Kale, you can enjoy spectacular views of the surrounding city and its landmarks, including Balikligol and the mosque complex. The citadel offers numerous photography opportunities, especially during sunset when the light casts a warm glow over the scene.
To capture the best photos, focus on the panoramic views of the area, including the old city with its distinctive flat-roofed buildings. Don’t miss the chance to explore the empty rooms and remaining structures within the citadel, which provide a glimpse into its historical past.
When visiting Urfa Kale, be sure to wear comfortable shoes for the climb and bring necessary items like water and sun protection, as the hilltop location can be exposed.
Explore the Sanliurfa Archaeology and Mosaic Museum
As you step into the Sanliurfa Archaeology and Mosaic Museum, you’re about to embark on a journey through 12,000 years of history. This museum is one of Turkey’s finest, offering a chronological walkthrough of the region’s rich past, supported by exceptionally well-curated exhibits with detailed English explanations.
The Urfa Man and Other Ancient Artifacts
The museum’s star attraction is undoubtedly the “Urfa Man,” the oldest known life-sized human sculpture, dated back to 9000 BC. This remarkable artifact, with its haunting obsidian eyes, is a testament to the region’s ancient civilizations. Alongside the Urfa Man, you’ll discover a plethora of other artifacts that span from prehistoric times through the Ottoman period, each telling a unique story of the region’s rich history.
The museum also features an impressive Göbekli Tepe replica, allowing visitors to experience the ancient temple complex in its theorized original form. The detailed pillars and circular formations of this replica are truly awe-inspiring, providing a glimpse into the lives of the people who created this ancient wonder.
The Haleplibahce Mosaic Museum
Adjacent to the Archaeology Museum is the Haleplibahce Mosaic Museum, which is included in the same ticket. This small museum was never intended to be a museum; it was a Roman villa-complex accidentally discovered in 2006 during the construction of a theme park. The highly detailed mosaics housed inside the museum’s dome are worthy of a visit, showcasing the artistic prowess of the ancient Romans.
Visitors can explore both museums within a single visit, with a recommended duration of at least three hours. The ticket price includes access to both the Sanliurfa Archaeology Museum and the Haleplibahce Mosaic Museum, making it a valuable and enriching experience.
Practical information for visitors includes the museums’ opening hours and ticket prices. It’s advisable to plan your visit carefully to make the most of your time and explore the extensive collections without feeling rushed.
Experience Sanliurfa, Turkey: Best Things to Do for Food Lovers
The city of Sanliurfa is renowned for its delectable cuisine, making it a paradise for food lovers. As you explore this ancient city, you’ll discover a rich gastronomic experience that reflects its strategic position at the crossroads of Turkish, Kurdish, and Arabic food traditions.
Sanliurfa’s culinary scene is characterized by its distinctive regional specialties, which are sure to tantalize your taste buds. From traditional dishes to local ingredients, the city’s food is a true reflection of its cultural heritage.
Try the Famous Urfa Kebab
One of the must-try dishes in Sanliurfa is the famous Urfa Kebab. This iconic dish features long, spiced ground meat (köfte) grilled over charcoal, giving it a unique flavor profile that’s less spicy than its cousin, Adana kebab. You can enjoy Urfa Kebab at one of the many traditional restaurants or street food vendors throughout the city.
When dining on Urfa Kebab, be sure to follow local etiquette and enjoy it with a side of fresh vegetables and bread. The combination of flavors and textures will leave you wanting more.
Sample Cig Kofte: Sanliurfa’s Signature Dish
Cig kofte, or “raw meatballs,” is another signature dish from Sanliurfa with a fascinating origin story tied to Prophet Abraham. Traditionally made from raw meat, cig kofte is now commonly served in a delicious vegetarian version due to health regulations. The vegetarian version is made from bulgur, tomato paste, and spices, offering a flavorful and safe alternative.
You can find cig kofte at many local eateries, where it’s often served with a side of fresh lettuce and herbs. Be adventurous and try this unique dish that’s steeped in local tradition.
Taste the Bitter Mirra Coffee
No visit to Sanliurfa would be complete without trying mirra coffee, an intensely bitter, syrupy brew unique to southeastern Turkey. Made with coarser grounds than Turkish coffee, mirra coffee is brought to a boil multiple times to extract its full flavor. The result is a strong and bitter coffee that’s served in tiny cups, providing a powerful caffeine kick.
When enjoying mirra coffee, be sure to appreciate its rich flavor profile and the cultural significance it holds in Sanliurfa. It’s a truly unique experience that will leave a lasting impression.
| Dish | Description | Recommended Place to Try |
|---|---|---|
| Urfa Kebab | Long, spiced ground meat grilled over charcoal | Traditional restaurants downtown |
| Cig Kofte | Raw meatballs or vegetarian version made from bulgur and spices | Local eateries near the bazaar |
| Mirra Coffee | Intensely bitter, syrupy coffee unique to southeastern Turkey | Traditional coffeehouses in the old city |
As you explore Sanliurfa’s culinary scene, you’ll discover why it’s considered one of Turkey’s culinary capitals. With its rich gastronomic heritage and unique regional specialties, Sanliurfa is a must-visit destination for any food enthusiast.
Dine in a Traditional Han Along the Ancient Silk Road
Imagine savoring local flavors in a centuries-old han, where merchants once stopped to rest and refuel. Sanliurfa, having sat along the Silk Road, offers a unique dining experience in its beautifully restored caravanserais. You’ll feel the history as you enjoy your meal in a setting that has been a hub of activity for centuries.
Cevahir Han: A Historical Dining Experience
Cevahir Han is a standout example of Sanliurfa’s rich architectural heritage. This stunning historical building boasts preserved features such as stone arches and a central courtyard, creating an unforgettable backdrop for your meal. The han’s traditional design elements transport you back in time, making your dining experience truly atmospheric.
The menu at Cevahir Han is a reflection of local cuisine, with dishes that are both flavorful and authentic. You’ll be treated to complimentary starters, including vegetarian çiğ köfte, fresh bread with dips, and Turkish tea. Be sure to try their Bostana salad, a refreshing mix of cucumber, tomato, onion, and herbs in a citrus and pomegranate dressing, followed by a cheese pide or vegetable casserole.
Other Notable Traditional Restaurants
While Cevahir Han is a highlight, Sanliurfa is home to other traditional restaurants worth visiting. These establishments offer a range of dining experiences, from casual meals to more formal affairs, all set within historic buildings that echo the city’s past. You’ll find that the prices are generally good, and there are options to suit various tastes and dietary preferences.
When planning your visit, consider the time of day to avoid crowds and fully appreciate the ambiance. Whether you’re looking for a leisurely lunch or a memorable dinner, dining in a traditional han is one of the best ways to experience the essence of Sanliurfa.
Experience Local Life at Sanliurfa’s Outdoor Markets
Immerse yourself in the vibrant atmosphere of Sanliurfa’s outdoor markets, where locals gather to buy fresh produce and regional products. As you wander through the streets of Sanliurfa on Wednesdays and Saturdays, you’ll be surrounded by the sights, sounds, and aromas of local commerce.
The Wednesday and Saturday Produce Markets
Sanliurfa’s twice-weekly produce markets are a sensory delight, offering a glimpse into the local way of life. You’ll find an array of fresh fruits, vegetables, cheeses, and other regional products on display. The markets are held in a bustling area of the city, where the energy is palpable and the transactions are lively.
The colorful displays of produce, the calls of vendors, and the aromas of fresh herbs and spices all contribute to an immersive experience. As you explore the markets, you’ll discover how they provide a window into authentic local life, far removed from tourist attractions.
Interacting with Friendly Locals
One of the highlights of visiting Sanliurfa’s outdoor markets is the opportunity to interact with the people who live and work there. The locals are known for their friendliness and hospitality, often approaching visitors with curiosity and offering samples of fresh produce.
You may find yourself being invited to take photos or engage in conversations with the vendors, who are eager to share their stories and traditions. To make the most of your experience, it’s a good idea to learn a few basic Turkish phrases, such as “merhaba” (hello) and “teşekkür ederim” (thank you). By showing respect and interest in the local culture, you’ll be able to build connections with the people you meet in this vibrant place.
Conclusion: Why Sanliurfa Deserves More Than a Day Trip
As you reflect on your time in Sanliurfa, you’ll realize that this captivating city warrants a longer stay to truly experience its essence. Sanliurfa is a historic, religious, and conservative place in southeast Turkey that offers a unique blend of ancient history, cultural significance, and spiritual experiences.
Sanliurfa is more than just a stop on your Turkey itinerary; it’s a place where you can immerse yourself in traditional culture, explore ancient historical sites, and experience the local way of life. From the world-changing archaeological site of Göbekli Tepe to the sacred Balikligol complex, atmospheric bazaars, and distinctive regional cuisine, there are countless things to see and do.
Rushing through Sanliurfa as a day trip from nearby cities would be a missed opportunity. The city deserves at least 2-3 full days on your Turkey itinerary, allowing you to absorb its unique atmosphere, enjoy the local hospitality, and explore its many attractions without feeling rushed.
One of the highlights of Sanliurfa is its distinctive regional cuisine, including the famous Urfa kebab and the signature dish, cig kofte. Be sure to also try the local coffee, which is known for being super strong and bitter. For an authentic experience, dine in a traditional han, where you can enjoy local delicacies and drinks in a historic setting.
In conclusion, Sanliurfa offers a different perspective on Turkey—a more conservative, more Middle Eastern character, and less touched by mass tourism than western Turkish destinations. With its rich history, cultural significance, and spiritual experiences, Sanliurfa is a destination that will leave you with lasting memories. Take your time to explore this enchanting city, and you’ll discover why it’s a place that deserves to be savored.
