Are you ready to explore one of the best-preserved Roman cities outside of Italy? Welcome to Jerash, a fascinating place that shows us the ancient Greco-Roman world. It’s just 50 km north of Jordan’s capital Amman. It’s a top spot for anyone wanting to dive into the area’s rich history and culture.
Jerash is known as the “Pompeii of the Middle East.” It has amazing ruins that take you back in time. You’ll see the grand Hadrian’s Arch, the big Oval Plaza, and the lively Cardo Maximus. It’s perfect for history lovers, architecture fans, or anyone looking for a unique cultural experience.
Key Takeaways
- Jerash is considered one of the best-preserved Roman ruins in the world, with an estimated 90% of the site still unexcavated.
- Visitors can explore the forum, hippodrome, theaters, gates, streets, and temples, allowing for a comprehensive understanding of ancient Greco-Roman life.
- The site’s impressive architectural features and historical significance make it a must-visit destination for anyone interested in archaeology and cultural heritage.
- Arriving early is recommended to avoid large tour groups and enjoy a more peaceful exploration of the ruins.
- The ancient city of Jerash offers a unique opportunity to step back in time and immerse yourself in the grandeur of the Roman Empire.
Introduction to Ancient Jerash
Jerash, once known as Gerasa, is an ancient city that has endured for centuries. Its history goes back to 7500 BC. Today, it’s a site with a population of about 50,000, located 48km north of Amman. It’s famous for its well-preserved ruins, making it one of the most significant Roman cities outside Italy.
Historical Significance of Gerasa
Gerasa was founded by Alexander the Great in 351 BC. The Romans took over in 63 BC, and the city flourished. By the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD, it reached its peak. It was a major Christian center from 400-600 AD, with 13 churches and a cathedral.
Despite being hit by an earthquake in 749 AD and attacked by the Crusaders in 1121 AD, Gerasa kept its Roman architecture intact.
Geographic Location and Overview
Jerash is in Jordan’s northern region, close to Amman. It’s one of the largest and best-preserved Roman sites outside Italy. Visitors can see colonnaded streets, temples, theaters, and more.
Brief Timeline of Roman Influence
- 351 BC: Gerasa founded as a city by Alexander the Great
- 63 BC: Gerasa conquered by the Romans
- 106 AD: Gerasa becomes part of the Roman province of Arabia
- 129 AD: Emperor Hadrian visits Gerasa
- 2nd-3rd centuries AD: Gerasa reaches its peak under Roman rule
- 400-600 AD: Gerasa has a thriving Christian population
- 749 AD: Gerasa devastated by an earthquake
- 1121 AD: Gerasa attacked by the Crusaders
- Early 19th century: Ruins of Gerasa rediscovered
Jerash, once Gerasa, has a rich history that has shaped the region. Its Roman ruins and architecture draw visitors worldwide. They offer a unique look into the ancient world.
How to Get to Jerash from Amman
Jerash, an ancient Roman city in northern Jordan, is close to Amman. You can get there by car, taxi, or public transport. Each way offers a different experience.
Choosing to rent a car lets you explore Jerash at your own speed. You can also stop at places you want to see. The drive from Amman to Jerash is about 50 minutes, depending on traffic.
Another option is a taxi. It’s a bit pricier, costing around 40 Jordanian Dinars (JOD) for a round trip. But it’s comfortable and direct.
If you’re watching your budget, public transportation is a good choice. Buses from Tabarbour bus terminal in Amman cost 1 JOD one way. The trip takes 45-50 minutes, depending on traffic.
Many people prefer organized tours that include Jerash and other places like Ajloun Castle. These tours offer round-trip transport, making your trip easy and worry-free.
Whichever way you travel, the trip to Jerash from Amman is scenic and fun. It lets you dive into the history and culture of this ancient site.
Best Time to Visit and Practical Information
Planning your visit to Jerash, Jordan, means thinking about the best time and what to pack. Jerash welcomes visitors all year, with different hours for each season. From November to March, it’s open from 8 am to 4 pm. In April and May, hours are 8 am to 5:30 pm. And from June to October, it’s open from 8 am to 6:30 pm.
Entrance Fees and Jordan Pass
The entrance fee to Jerash is 12 JD, or about $17 USD. But if you have the Jordan Pass, you get in free. The Jordan Pass costs 70 JD and lets you visit over 40 sites, including Jerash, Petra, and the Dead Sea.
Essential Items to Bring
- Comfortable walking shoes: The vast archaeological site of Jerash requires extensive exploration, so opt for sturdy, supportive footwear.
- Water: Stay hydrated by packing plenty of water, especially during the warmer months.
- Sunscreen and a hat: Protect yourself from the sun’s rays, as the site offers little shade.
- Camera: Capture the stunning Roman ruins and architectural wonders of Jerash.
Plan to spend at least 3 hours at Jerash to fully appreciate the scale and significance of this well-preserved ancient city. With the right preparation and a Jordan Pass in hand, you’ll be ready to delve into the rich history and cultural heritage of this remarkable archaeological site.
Hadrian's Arch and South Gate Complex
As you explore Jerash, you’ll see the grand Triumphal Arch. It was built in 129 AD to honor Emperor Hadrian. This 21-meter-high arch is a symbol of Jerash’s Roman past.
Next to the Triumphal Arch is the South Gate Complex. It includes the Hippodrome, an ancient stadium. This stadium could hold 15,000 people and hosted exciting chariot races.
The South Gate Complex is more than just an entrance. It shows the lively culture of Jerash in Roman times. Walking here, you can almost feel the excitement of the past.
| Landmark | Description | Significance |
|---|---|---|
| Triumphal Arch | A 21-meter-high ornate arch built in 129 AD | Commemorates the visit of Emperor Hadrian and serves as the main city entrance |
| Hippodrome | An ancient stadium that once seated 15,000 spectators | Hosted thrilling chariot races and other events during the Roman era |
Exploring this complex is a journey through time. The Triumphal Arch and South Gate Complex show the lasting impact of the Roman Empire on Jerash.
The Magnificent Oval Plaza and Colonnaded Streets
In the heart of Jerash, the Oval Plaza, or Forum, shows off Roman urban planning’s grandeur. It’s a space surrounded by tall columns, a favorite spot for photos. The Cardo Maximus, a main street, runs through the city, showing off Roman architecture.
Architectural Features
The Oval Plaza and Cardo Maximus show off Roman planning skills. The Plaza’s shape and the Cardo’s design were key to Roman cities. The columns, some still standing, were not just for looks but also supported the buildings.
Historical Significance
These wonders tell us about the Roman impact on Jerash, known as Gerasa back then. The Oval Plaza was the city’s center for business and politics. The Cardo Maximus was the main street, connecting the city’s parts and bustling with life.
Photography Tips
- Visit the Oval Plaza and Cardo Maximus early in the morning or late afternoon for the best lighting conditions.
- Experiment with different angles and perspectives to capture the stunning architectural features and the interplay of light and shadow.
- Include people in your shots to add a sense of scale and to highlight the grand scale of these ancient structures.
The Oval Plaza and Cardo Maximus show the amazing Roman urban planning in Jerash. These iconic spots give a peek into the city’s lively past. They invite visitors to explore the grandeur of the Roman Empire.
Ancient Theaters and Performance Venues
Jerash, once a Roman city called Gerasa, has two theaters that show its past. The South Theatre and the North Theatre are key parts of this site’s history. They tell us about the city’s culture and life back then.
The South Theatre could hold 3,000 people and was known for its great sound. It hosted plays, poetry, music, and dance. Today, the Jerash Festival of Culture and Arts brings new life to this theater with modern performances.
The North Theatre was smaller and used for council meetings and smaller shows. This shows how the Romans used their theaters for both entertainment and governance in Jerash.
| Theatre | Capacity | Primary Function |
|---|---|---|
| South Theatre | 3,000 | Performances, entertainment |
| North Theatre | Smaller | Council meetings, smaller performances |
The South Theatre and North Theatre give us a peek into ancient Gerasa’s architecture, culture, and society. Their acoustics and roles in the city’s life are fascinating. They show us the lively past of this archaeological treasure.
“The theaters of Jerash stand as a testament to the sophistication and cultural richness of the ancient Roman city, offering visitors a chance to step back in time and experience the sights and sounds of a thriving metropolis.”
Temple of Artemis and Religious Sites
The Roman Ruins of Jerash offer a captivating glimpse into the city’s rich religious history. The crowning jewel is the impressive Temple of Artemis, dedicated to the patron goddess of ancient Jerash. This structure features 11 of its original 12 towering Corinthian columns, showcasing the architectural prowess of the era.
Beyond the Temple of Artemis, the site is also home to several well-preserved Byzantine churches. Their mosaic-adorned floors show the region’s transition from pagan to Christian worship. These structures, each with its own unique character and significance, provide visitors with a comprehensive understanding of Jerash’s evolving spiritual landscape.
Temple Architecture
The Temple of Artemis, located on the eastern side of the ancient city, stands as a testament to the grandeur of Jerash’s religious architecture. The temple’s Corinthian columns, measuring an impressive 12 meters in height, are a defining feature of this iconic site. These columns, with their intricate carvings and elegant proportions, showcase the skilled craftsmanship of the Roman builders who erected this sacred structure.
Religious Significance
The Temple of Artemis was the primary place of worship for the city’s patron goddess, Artemis. She was revered for her association with fertility, nature, and the moon. The temple’s strategic positioning, overlooking the rest of the ancient city, underscores the central role that Artemis worship played in the daily lives of Jerash’s inhabitants.
Conservation Status
The Temple of Artemis and the surrounding religious sites within the Roman Ruins of Jerash have undergone extensive preservation and restoration efforts over the years. While some of the structures have been partially reconstructed, the site’s custodians have made every effort to maintain the historical integrity of these ancient religious landmarks. Visitors can now explore these remarkable sites, gaining a deeper appreciation for Jerash’s rich spiritual heritage.
| Feature | Details |
|---|---|
| Temple of Artemis | – 11 of the original 12 Corinthian columns, each 12 meters tall- Part of a larger sanctuary complex extending from the eastern fence to the temple in the west- Dedicated to the patron goddess Artemis, associated with fertility, nature, and the moon |
| Byzantine Churches | – Several well-preserved churches with mosaic-adorned floors- Reflect the city’s transition from pagan to Christian worship over the centuries- Showcase the architectural and cultural influences of the Byzantine era |
| Conservation Efforts | – Extensive preservation and restoration work to maintain historical integrity- Partial reconstruction of some structures- Ongoing efforts to protect and showcase Jerash’s rich religious heritage |
The Hippodrome and Ancient Sports
Step back in time and feel the excitement of ancient Roman sports at the Hippodrome in Jerash. This huge structure, 244 meters long and 52 meters wide, was once the site of thrilling chariot races and athletic events. Picture the crowd’s roar as chariots sped around the track, their drivers showing off their skill and bravery.
Today, the Hippodrome still hosts reenactments of Roman army drills and chariot races. These events give visitors a rare look into the entertainment that drew ancient Gerasa’s people. Watching these shows, you’ll understand the lively culture of this city during the Roman era. It’s a great experience for anyone interested in history or just looking for something memorable.
Get ready for a trip back in time at the Hippodrome in Jerash. It’s a key attraction that brings you into the world of Roman sports and entertainment. It shows the creativity and athleticism of the ancient world in a way you won’t forget.
