Jammu and Kashmir (UT), India: Best Things to Do – Top Picks

By Air

The most convenient way to reach Jammu and Kashmir is by air. The region has two major airports:

• Sheikh ul-Alam International Airport in Srinagar
• Jammu Airport in Jammu

Both airports are well-connected to major Indian cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore, and Chennai with regular flights operated by major airlines. Flight duration from Delhi to Srinagar is approximately 1.5 hours.

By Train

If you prefer a scenic journey, trains are a good option to reach Jammu. The Jammu Tawi Railway Station is well-connected to major cities across India. Some popular trains include:

• Jammu Rajdhani Express (from Delhi)
• Jammu Mail (from Mumbai)
• Shalimar Express (from Kolkata)

From Jammu, you’ll need to take a taxi or bus to reach other parts of the region. Note that Kashmir Valley itself doesn’t have a railway network yet, though construction is underway.

By Road

Jammu and Kashmir is connected to neighboring states through well-maintained highways:

• National Highway 44 connects Jammu to the rest of India
• The Jammu-Srinagar Highway (NH-44) connects Jammu to the Kashmir Valley
• Regular bus services operate from Delhi, Chandigarh, and other nearby cities

The journey by road offers breathtaking views but can be challenging during winter months due to snow and occasional landslides.

Local Transportation Options

• Taxis and Cabs: Readily available in major towns and cities. You can hire private taxis for day trips or longer journeys. Apps like Ola operate in some areas.
• Auto-rickshaws: Common in urban areas like Jammu and Srinagar for short distances.
• Buses: The J&K State Road Transport Corporation (JKSRTC) operates regular bus services between major towns and cities.
• Shikaras: These traditional wooden boats are the iconic mode of transport on Dal Lake and other water bodies in Srinagar.
• Rental Cars: Self-drive options are available for those who prefer independence, though local driving conditions can be challenging.

Houseboats

Staying in a traditional Kashmiri houseboat is a must-do experience. These floating accommodations range from budget to ultra-luxury and feature:

• Intricately carved wooden interiors
• Spacious bedrooms with attached bathrooms
• Living areas with traditional Kashmiri furnishings
• Dining areas serving authentic Kashmiri cuisine
• Deck areas for enjoying the lake views

Most houseboats are located on Dal Lake and Nigeen Lake in Srinagar.

Mountain Retreats

For those seeking seclusion and natural beauty, consider:

• Alpine Huts in Gulmarg: Perfect for ski enthusiasts
• Forest Lodges in Dachigam: Ideal for wildlife lovers
• Riverside Cottages in Pahalgam: Great for families
• Eco Resorts in Sonamarg: For environmentally conscious travelers

These retreats offer a peaceful escape with stunning mountain views and outdoor activities right at your doorstep.

Srinagar, the summer capital of Jammu and Kashmir, is a city of gardens, lakes, and rich cultural heritage. Here are the top experiences in Srinagar:

Dal Lake

The jewel of Srinagar, Dal Lake is synonymous with the beauty of Kashmir. Don’t miss:

• Shikara Ride: Glide across the tranquil waters on a colorful shikara (wooden boat) for breathtaking views of the surrounding mountains and floating gardens.
• Floating Markets: Visit the early morning floating vegetable market for a unique cultural experience.
• Houseboat Stay: Experience the traditional Kashmiri hospitality by staying in an ornately carved wooden houseboat.

Mughal Gardens

Srinagar is famous for its meticulously designed Mughal gardens that showcase the Persian influence on Kashmir’s landscape architecture:

• Shalimar Bagh: Built by Emperor Jahangir for his wife Nur Jahan in 1619, this garden features terraced lawns, fountains, and a central canal.
• Nishat Bagh: Known as the “Garden of Bliss,” it offers stunning views of Dal Lake and features 12 terraces representing the 12 zodiac signs.
• Chashme Shahi: The smallest of the three main Mughal gardens, famous for its fresh spring water believed to have medicinal properties.

Located just 50 km from Srinagar, Gulmarg transforms from a flowering meadow in summer to a premier ski destination in winter. Here’s what not to miss:

Gulmarg Gondola

One of the highest cable cars in the world, the Gulmarg Gondola offers breathtaking views as it ascends in two stages:

• Phase One: From Gulmarg resort (2,600 m) to Kongdori Station
• Phase Two: From Kongdori to Apharwat Peak (3,950 m)

In winter, the gondola provides access to some of the best skiing slopes in Asia, while in summer, it offers panoramic views of the surrounding mountains and valleys.

Located 90 km from Srinagar, Pahalgam is a picturesque valley with flowing rivers, green meadows, and pine forests. Here are the top experiences:

Betaab Valley

Named after the Bollywood movie “Betaab” that was filmed here, this valley is a picture-perfect landscape with the Lidder River flowing through lush green meadows surrounded by pine forests and snow-capped mountains. It’s ideal for picnics, photography, and simply soaking in the natural beauty.

Located 80 km from Srinagar, Sonamarg is known for its stunning landscapes with meadows, glaciers, and alpine forests. Key attractions include:

Thajiwas Glacier

One of the most accessible glaciers in Kashmir, Thajiwas is located just 3 km from Sonamarg. You can trek to the glacier or take a pony ride. The surrounding meadows, filled with wildflowers in summer, make for a picturesque setting. In winter, the area is perfect for snow sledging.

Kashmiri Cuisine

The cuisine of Kashmir is influenced by its climate, geography, and the various cultures that have shaped the region over centuries. Don’t miss these culinary experiences:

Wazwan

A multi-course ceremonial feast in Kashmiri cuisine, Wazwan is an experience in itself. Traditionally featuring up to 36 courses, most of which are meat-based, it’s prepared by special chefs called ‘wazas’. Some must-try dishes include:

• Rogan Josh: Aromatic lamb curry cooked with Kashmiri spices
• Gushtaba: Meatballs cooked in yogurt gravy
• Tabak Maaz: Crispy fried lamb ribs
• Yakhni: Delicate yogurt-based curry with lamb
• Dum Aloo: Baby potatoes in a spicy gravy

Pashmina Shawls

Perhaps the most famous product of Kashmir, genuine Pashmina shawls are made from the fine wool of the Changthangi goat found in Ladakh. The wool is hand-spun and then woven into soft, warm shawls that are often embroidered with intricate designs. When shopping for Pashmina:

• Look for the GI (Geographical Indication) tag that certifies authenticity
• Perform the “ring test” – a genuine Pashmina shawl should pass through a ring
• Check for softness and warmth – real Pashmina feels incredibly soft against the skin

The best places to buy authentic Pashmina include government emporiums and certified shops in Srinagar.

Weather and What to Pack

Kashmir’s climate varies significantly by season and elevation. Here’s what to pack based on when you visit:

Summer (April to June)

• Light to medium weight clothing
• Light jacket or sweater for evenings
• Comfortable walking shoes
• Sun protection (hat, sunglasses, sunscreen)
• Rain jacket or umbrella (occasional showers)

Monsoon (July to September)

• Waterproof clothing and footwear
• Quick-dry clothing
• Umbrella or rain jacket
• Medium weight clothing for cooler days

Autumn (October to November)

• Medium to heavy weight clothing
• Warm jacket
• Gloves and cap for higher elevations
• Layered clothing for varying temperatures

Winter (December to March)

• Heavy woolen clothing
• Thermal underwear
• Down jacket or heavy coat
• Waterproof boots
• Gloves, muffler, woolen cap
• Sunglasses (for snow glare)

Safety Information

Jammu and Kashmir has seen significant improvements in safety and security in recent years. Here are some tips to ensure a safe visit:

• Stay Informed: Check the latest travel advisories before your trip
• Register Your Presence: Foreign nationals should register with their embassy
• Respect Local Customs: Dress modestly, especially when visiting religious sites
• Mountain Safety: If trekking or skiing, always go with certified guides
• Health Precautions: Carry basic medications and stay hydrated, especially at higher altitudes
• Emergency Contacts: Keep important phone numbers handy (local police, your hotel, embassy)
• Travel Insurance: Ensure you have comprehensive travel insurance
• Road Safety: Mountain roads can be challenging; hire experienced drivers

Respecting local customs will enhance your experience and ensure positive interactions with locals:

• Dress Code: Dress modestly, especially when visiting religious sites. Women should cover their heads when entering mosques.
• Photography: Always ask permission before photographing locals, especially women. Some religious sites prohibit photography.
• Religious Respect: Remove shoes when entering temples or mosques. Observe silence in places of worship.
• Greetings: “Assalamu Alaikum” (Peace be upon you) is a common greeting in Muslim areas, while “Namaste” is used in Hindu regions.
• Dining Etiquette: In traditional settings, it’s customary to eat with your right hand. Wash hands before and after meals.
• Bargaining: Haggling is expected in markets but should be done respectfully.

Staying connected during your trip to Jammu and Kashmir:

• Mobile Networks: Major Indian telecom providers like Airtel, Jio, and BSNL have coverage in urban areas and popular tourist destinations. Coverage may be limited in remote areas.
• Internet: Most hotels, restaurants, and cafes in urban areas offer Wi-Fi. Connection speeds vary.
• SIM Cards: Foreign visitors can purchase prepaid SIM cards with proper identification (passport, visa, photos). The process may take 24-48 hours for activation.
• Languages: Kashmiri, Urdu, and Dogri are the main local languages. Hindi and English are widely understood in tourist areas.

Money Matters

• Currency: Indian Rupee (INR) is the official currency
• ATMs: Available in major towns and cities but may be limited in remote areas
• Credit Cards: Accepted in upscale hotels and restaurants but carry cash for smaller establishments and markets
• Tipping: 10-15% is customary in restaurants if service charge isn’t included
• Bargaining: Expected in markets and with taxi drivers, but not in established shops or restaurants